Laevapex fuscus
| Laevapex fuscus | |
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| Species: | L. fuscus
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| Laevapex fuscus (C.B. Adams, 1841)
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Laevapex fuscus, the dusky ancylid, is a species of small, freshwater, air-breathing limpet, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusc or micromollusc in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies.[2][3]
Geographic distribution
[edit]L. fuscus is found throughout North America east of the Great Plains, except for mountainous areas. It has been recorded in Canada, the United States, Jamaica and Puerto Rico.[1][4][5]
Description
[edit]L. fuscus was originally described as Ancylus fuscus in 1841 by Charles Baker Adams:[6]
- "Shell thin, transparent without the epidermis, not much elevated, elliptical, moderately curved at the sides; epidermis brown, visible through the shell, giving it the appearance of having the same color, thick, rough, slightly extending beyond the margin of the shell; apex obtuse, moderately prominent, scarcely behind the middle, inclining to the right, so as to have only two fifths of the width on that side.
- Length, .31 inches (7.9 mm), width, .22 in (5.6 mm); height, .05 in (1.3 mm)."
Habitat and ecology
[edit]L. fuscus generally occurs in lacustrine habitats,[7] preferring calmer waters than other ancylid genera.[4]
Simple annual (univoltine) and two-generation per year (bivoltine) life cycles have been reported in New York populations of L. fuscus.[8] The bioenergetic data collected for the species suggest that its reproductive effort is in line with expectation from adult weight, and hence that its life history strategy is undifferentiated.[9] The species is functionally protandric, despite being one of the more specialised of higher limnic pulmonate snails.[10]
L. fuscus has been observed attached to the wings or hemelytra of the water bug species Belostoma flumineum (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae). This observation suggests that belostomatids might serve as a mode of transport and a passive dispersal agent for L. fuscus and other ancylid species.[11]
See also
[edit]- List of non-marine molluscs of the United States
- List of non-marine molluscs of Jamaica
- List of non-marine molluscs of Puerto Rico
References
[edit]- ^ a b Cordeiro, J.; Perez, K. (2012). "Laevapex fuscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T188920A1915577. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T188920A1915577.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A.; Didžiulis V. (eds.). "Laevapex fuscus C.B. Adams, 1841". Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2014 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ "Laevapex fuscus (C. B. Adams, 1841)". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ a b Dillon, R. T. Jr.; Watson, B.T.; Stewart, T. W. & Reeves, W. K. (2006). "Laevapex fuscus (C. B. Adams 1841)". The freshwater gastropods of North America. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ "Laevapex fuscus - (C.B. Adams, 1841)". NatureServe. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ Adams, C. B. (1841). "Descriptions of thirteen new species of New England shells". Boston Journal of Natural History. 3 (3): 318–332. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ Basch, Paul F. (1959). "The anatomy of Laevapex fuscus, a freshwater limpet (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)" (PDF). Miscellaneous Publications. 108. Ann Arbor: Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan: 1–60. hdl:2027.42/56352. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ McMahon, R. F. (1975). "Growth, reproduction and bioenergetic variation in three natural populations of a freshwater limpet Laevapex fuscus (C. B. Adams)". Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London. 41: 331–351. Archived from the original on 2014-07-09. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ Dillon, R. T. (2000). The ecology of freshwater molluscs (PDF). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ Russell-Hunter, W. D. & McMahon, R. F. (1976). "Evidence for functional protandry in a fresh-water basommatophoran limpet, Laevapex fuscus". Transactions of the American Microscopical Society. 95 (2): 174–182. JSTOR 3225061.
- ^ Walther, A. C. (2008). "Attachment of the freshwater limpet Laevapex fuscus to the hemelytra of the water bug Belostoma flumineum" (PDF). A systematic study of North American freshwater limpets (Gastropoda: Hygrophila: Ancylidae) (Ph.D. thesis). The University of Michigan. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
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